Zastosowanie wirtualno - immersyjnego wargaming (WIW) do rozwoju kompetencji dowódczych
The use of virtual immersive wargaming (VIW) to develop command competencies
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Wydział Zarządzania i Przywództwa, Akademia Wojsk Lądowych im. gen. Tadeusza Kościuszki, Poland
These authors had equal contribution to this work
Submission date: 2026-01-21
Final revision date: 2026-03-21
Acceptance date: 2026-07-03
Publication date: 2026-08-11
Corresponding author
Katarzyna Czainska
Wydział Zarządzania i Przywództwa, Akademia Wojsk Lądowych im. gen. Tadeusza Kościuszki, ul. Czajkowskiego 109, 51-147, Wrocław, Poland
Cybersecurity and Law 2026;16(Specjalny 1):35-47
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ABSTRACT
Objectives:
The aim of this article is to present theoretical considerations regarding the potential use of wargaming, which integrates the latest technological solutions in immersive learning spaces, to develop commander decision-making competencies.
Research questions: 1) What are the key commander competencies that influence the decision-making process and can be shaped using immersive learning spaces? 2) What tasks are used to shape decision-making competencies in military development centers? 3) What features should an immersive center for developing commander decision-making competencies designed in the context of wargaming have? 4) Does training in immersive centers for developing commander decision-making competencies allow trainees to increase the number of independent command decisions?
The thesis: the essence of effective commander decision-making training lies in reinforcing activating methods with methods, techniques, and tools that induce immersion in trainees (strengthening the sense of reality of an event through "immersion" in its physical and mental spheres).
Methods:
The thesis was confirmed based on the results of a literature review and analysis of selected solutions used at military universities.
Results:
The high presence and agency of VIW achieved through immersive learning experiences can foster interest, intrinsic motivation, self-efficacy, and embodiment, thus facilitating learning. Given that VIW can develop all decision-making competencies more effectively and economically than traditional methods, this solution should be recommended and widely adopted in leadership education and training.
Conclusions:
It was concluded that the use of immersive, situational and simulation training is appropriate for developing commanders' decision-making competencies, both for programmed and unprogrammed decisions.